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Informational
| Use |
 | To teach important, specific, up-to-date facts, knowledge and information. |
|
| Examples |
| Approved practices and technology in production, business, marketing and sales. |
|
| Assumptions |
| Information is necessary for students to carry out specific tasks, skills, or
operations. |
|
Operational
| Use |
| To teach the many important practices and skills which are essentially manipulative or
manual in nature. |
|
| Examples |
| Whenever ability and "know-how" are necessary for students to be able to do or
perform a practice according to specifications. |
|
| Assumptions |
| Questions, readings, lectures, discussions, etc., do not apply. Students learn to do by
doing. Teacher must analyze the practice (skill) and teach it "step by step."
Job operations sheets apply. |
|
Problem Solving
| Use |
| To help students make intelligent decisions and to provide them with experience in
decision making. |
|
| Examples |
| In all teaching where a clear-cut decision needs to be made. Students learn to think
efficiently by solving real and worthwhile problems. |
|
| Assumptions |
| Students learn to think by thinking. Managerial jobs are mental. Procedures follow the
decision making process: Identify the problem; determine the factors; arrive at a
decision; take action; accept the results. |
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Back to Planning Process.
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