COCONINO COUNTY

Name of Program/Location/Point of Contact:

Coconino County Cooperative Extension
Beth Tucker, County Director
2304 North 3^rd Street
Flagstaff, AZ 86004-3605
(928) 774-1868
e-mail: tucker@ag.arizona.edu

There are no specific efforts being made or implemented in regards to water resource education provided by UA-Cooperative Extension faculty/staff in Coconino County. Water resource education as it relates to plants and irrigation is included in the horticulture program and master gardener activities as described in other county descriptions.

An extensive review of the water resource education programs outside of Cooperative Extension has been conducted for Coconino County. Perhaps the extensive network of water education initiatives may explain why Coconino Cooperative Extension has not been called on for water resources education. These programs are outlined below.

Project Life

Purpose and Description: Project Life is a one week camp at Camp Colton at the foot of the San Francisco Peaks, surrounded by the Coconino National Forest. At Project Life students learn outdoor living skills and environmental appreciation. "As the students participate in specific activities, their instruction is integrated to include elements of geology, botany, zoology, meteorology, astronomy, and history as well as specific lessons on the unique wildlife of the peaks and the delicate balance of life on the edges of ponds and streams." Specific water related activities include description and discussion of the water cycle, examination of aquatic life within and immediately adjacent to nearby ponds, as well as some basic water quality parameters. Water system development and water use are both presented for the general Flagstaff area, as well as that for Camp Colton. Heavy emphasis is placed on water conservation (students are usually limited to one brief shower during the five days, due to system capacity).

Audience: Students in grade 6 from all elementary schools within District.

Current status: Approximately 1000 students per year along with their teachers, each for a one-week session during fall and spring months.

Impacts: Student evaluations have shown better than 95 percent student approval. They report enjoying learning about wildlife, water, etc. Students become very conscious of water wastage and vigilant in reporting any leaks or drips in the system, no matter how small. The program has been in effect for nearly years and has strong community support.

Funding: Currently, the program is half funded from the school district budget and half from outside sources, such as grants and donations. District direction is to convert it to 100 percent outside funding over the next five years. A major source of outside funding is in-lieu state income tax donations (the Arizona program, which allows up to $200 of state income tax obligation to be donated to educational or charitable institutions in lieu of being paid to the state). Other sources have included private foundations and government agencies, e.g., the Forest Service.

Lessons learned: The program has proven to be beneficial to teachers, as well as students, as they must also spend a week at the camp and participate in instruction.

Copies of materials: Project Life descriptive flyer.

Contact: Cameron Kern (928) 527-6198 ckern@flagstaff.apscc.k12.az.us

 

Northern Arizona Environmental Sciences and Education at Northern Arizona University

Purpose and Description: a degree program at Northern Arizona University. One part of the degree requirements is an internship/fieldwork experience. Some of these internships are in the field of environmental education. The program sponsors an Environmental Science Day Camp during the summer for students of middle school age. It is a one-week long camp and has been held in the Fort Valley Experimental Forest area. A portion of the camp curriculum has been related to the aquatic and riparian features of some nearby ponds. In addition the program has a resource outlet, the Northern Arizona Environmental Education Resource Center which provides a wide variety of educational materials for use by teachers.

The program is also working with NAU's Science and Mathematics Learning Center in tailoring science curriculum of the Full Option Science System (FOSS) to local conditions and resources or "connecting FOSS to northern Arizona." The FOSS system resource kits have been adopted by many schools in the area, rather than traditional science textbooks.

Audience: university students for the degree program, middle school students (number variable) for the summer day camp, and teachers for the resource center.

Impacts: very positive feedback on the summer day camp, interns from the degree program have been quite helpful in a number of environmental education programs and some have gone on to employment in this field. Use of the resource center has not been as great as hoped.

Funding: Funding was/is derived from basic university program. However, a portion has also been funded from the environmental education funds derived from the (optional) Arizona environmental license plate.

Lessons learned: Classroom teachers are very busy and have varying degrees of comfort with, and interest in, environmental science. Programs that minimize time impacts on teachers (e.g., don't require them to spend extra time in logistics) tend to be more used.

Web site: www.nau.edu/~envsci

Purpose and Description: The Environmental Education Outreach Program is a part of the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals at Northern Arizona University. Its purpose is to interest Native American students in environmental careers and to assist schools in improving environmental science literacy. Much of this is done through working with teachers and providing them with workshops and access to teaching resources. Water related areas include facilitation of participation in Project GLOBE and teachers in Project WET. In addition, coordination with NAU's Civil Engineering Department is helping rural tribal communities access practical technology for onsite wastewater treatment. The Institute also operates a summer program for Native American students considering environmental careers.

Audience: Native Americans from a wide area, including tribes in Arizona, New Mexico, Washington, and Wisconsin, primarily through educators.

Impacts: Growing use and participation reflects favorable response.

Contact: Mansel A. Nelson (928) 523-1275

Web site: http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~man5/eeop/

Glen Canyon National Recreation Area (Field Science Partnership)

Purpose and Description: This is a math and science partnership between the National Park Service (NPS) at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area and the Page Unified School District, along with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Utah Department of Wildlife Resources, and the Page Unified Golf Course. The NPS provides a Science Education Specialist to work directly with the Page High School in co-teaching their Research Biology Class. Students gain hands-on field experience working in the field of biology. Students monitor water quality at popular Lake Powell swimming beaches for fecal coliform and E. coli during the months of October to April (NPS does the monitoring during the heaviest use season of May-September). In addition they are participating in a project to grow razorback suckers, a listed species, in ponds at the Page Unified Golf Course. The purpose is to grow the fish large enough that they can be released in the inflow rivers of Lake Powell. The ponds use reclaimed water so that water conservation and water quality principles are also learned. A recent addition to the program was working with middle school (grades 7-8) science classes on a comprehensive study of zonation in the transition area between high and low water elevations of the lake.

Audience: High school students, approximately 20-30 per year, in the Research Biology Class. Middle school students in the lake's transition area study.

Impacts: Program very well received in the community and has received a variety of awards and recognition, not only locally but also regionally and nationally, e.g., coverage in the New York Times.

Funding - NPS provides a major portion of the funding. Other funding comes from grants, etc. This is a continuing part of the job for the Science Education Specialist.

Lessons Learned - A program like this requires a continuing commitment of staff to fully maintain coordination and momentum, especially with the number and variety of partners. The Science Education Specialist on the NPS staff is integral to achieving the program ends.

Contact: Stephanie Dubois (928) 608-6263

Web site: www.nps.gov/glca/partner

Resource Center for Environmental Education

Program Purpose and Description: a private, nonprofit organization sponsored by the Coconino NRCD. Full spectrum of environmental education topics with water modules being one part. Provide classroom presentations, teacher workshops, and resources for use by teachers in their classrooms. Also work on cooperative programs with numerous other entities in the area, e.g., City of Flagstaff on water history, Arizona Game & Fish Department, etc. The program has a director plus five instructors who make presentations and lead field trips. Water oriented field trips include Oak Creek, nearby riparian sites at Griffith Springs, and constructed wetlands used in wastewater effluent treatment at Kachina Village.

Audience: Students in grades K-12 with approximately 85 percent being in the elementary grades (K-6). Currently work with five school districts within Coconino County -- Flagstaff Unified, Williams Unified, Maine Consolidated, Grand Canyon, and Fredonia-Moccasin.

Current status: Of 1,100 classroom programs or field trips last year, approximately 25 were with water modules, with approximately 25 students per class. Ten of the 60 field trips were to riparian and wetlands areas. One of the teacher workshops was Project Wet, with 13 teachers participating.

Impacts: There is a heavy demand from classroom teachers. Requests for classroom programs and field trips are greater than can be accommodated by the staff. Teacher workshops have formal evaluations from participants, but there has not been a formal evaluation of other programs.

Funding: The largest source of funding is from Forest fees and other federal land in-lieu-of-taxes. By law, 25 percent of the revenue, from National Forest use, is returned to the county for schools and roads. In addition, a federal in lieu of taxes payment is made to the county for other federal lands to make up for property taxes foregone by government ownership. For many years, the Resource Center has received an allocation of $30 thousand per year from the schools' portion. The next most important segment of funding is from Arizona's environmental license plate program. Grants from private foundations and the City of Flagstaff supplement these. In recent years, the payments from National Forests have declined due to reduced timber harvests, putting greater pressure on school system budgets, and raising concern about the long-term certainty of this source of funding.

Lessons learned: It is important to give students a basic understanding of water - the natural water cycle, plus human development and use of water. This should include what happens locally, i.e., where does their water come from, how is it treated, what happens after it goes down the drain, etc. In the future, they plan to expand into more explanation of watersheds and land use influences. Both classroom presentations and field trips need to be tailored to knowledge level and attention span.

Copies of materials:

• Fall 2000 program brochure
• Example of school skit on Flagstaff water situation

Contacts: - Glo Edwards, Mary Balagna (928) 779-1745

Web site - http://www.nrcd.org/coconino/rcee/main.html

Arizona State Parks - Northern Region

Water Resource Education programs at Slide Rock State Park in Coconino County are generally developed and coordinated by the Northern Region of Arizona State Parks. Slide Rock State Park, on Oak Creek, is only a few miles upstream from Red Rock State Park (in Yavapai County). Dead Horse Ranch State Park, on the Verde River, is also nearby in Yavapai County. All three have a focus on streams and associated riparian areas.

Purpose and Description: Slide Rock State Park offers an annual Riparian Area Day with special emphasis on the riparian features and guided walks. They also have a program called "Oak Creek is Unique" with water kits which can be borrowed by teachers for use with classes who visit the site. Slide Rock is a widely known swimming and wading site and maintenance of water quality is very important. Red Rock State Park has a special emphasis on environmental education and has developed curriculum based school programs, which include site visits with ranger led talks and activities.

Audience: The Oak Creek is Unique programs at Slide Rock State Park are for elementary schools. Recently about 100 students per year have participated, primarily from Sedona and the Verde Valley. The curriculum at Red Rock State Park is developed for elementary through High School and receives extensive use from schools in Sedona and the Verde Valley, plus some from other parts of the state, e.g., some schools in the Phoenix area who bring groups up for programs.

Impacts: Very positive feedback on the value and usefulness of the programs.

Funding: Because Red Rock State Park has a primary emphasis on environmental education, funding comes from the Arizona State Parks operating funds. Heritage funds (from the Arizona lottery) are used as a supplement and have enabled hiring additional staff for provision of the school programs.

Lessons learned: the importance of teaching stewardship of natural resources, especially for water and riparian resources.

Contact: Barbara Hart (520) 282-2202

Web site: www.pr.state.az.us

City of Flagstaff

Program Purpose and Description: Achieving reduced water consumption is the goal of the water conservation program of the City of Flagstaff. Planned and coordinated by the City's Water Conservation Committee, the education portion of the program has a strong emphasis on reaching students in the school system, plus some general public outreach. In cooperation with the Resource Center for Environmental Education, a teaching module, "The Wonder of Water," was produced in 1986 and updated in 1996. It contains individual grade level lessons for grades 1-6 which incorporate general water education principles and add specific information on the Flagstaff area and its water and wastewater collection, treatment and distribution systems. To add interest and excitement to learning, Children's theatre companies have been used in school presentations. Most recently the National Theatre for Children, based in Minneapolis, came to town and presented skits and messages highlighting the need for water conservation, tailored to Flagstaff's situation.

To reach the broad public audience, water conservation messages are presented through newspaper articles and inserts, TV and radio spots, and exhibits at special events such as the Flagstaff Home Show and the Festival of Science. Many of these efforts are combined with messages about solid waste recycling, a program operated by the City's Public Works Department. Information on xeriscaping to reduce the irrigation requirements of landscaping is also provided.

Audience: Formal school presentations are for elementary school students, water system users for other messages.

Impacts: Difficult to assess effects of this portion of conservation program, alone. Other portions of the program include a reclaimed water plant and distribution system, inverted rate structure (higher per unit costs as water use increases) and low flow toilet conversion rebates. However, since the program was instituted in 1986 the peak water use has increased only slightly while population has increased by close to 50 percent.

The National Theatre for Children presentations were given an approval rating of better than 95 percent by teachers.

Funding: The program is funded as a regular part of the City's Utility Department budget, which relies on user fees for water and sewer service.

Lessons learned: It is necessary to keep the message regularly in the public's eye. You can't just present it once or twice a year and forget it.

Contact: Paul Raczkowski (928) 556-1301

ATTACHMENTS

COCONINO

Containing 18,600 square miles, Coconino County is the largest county in Arizona and the second largest in the United States. However, surface water is very limited, except for the most well known, the Colorado River through Grand Canyon. Glen Canyon Dam and a small portion of its impounded Lake Powell are located upstream, just within the Arizona boundary. With a 1995 population of 108,000 the county is very sparsely populated. Indian reservations comprise 37 percent of the land, and are home to Navajo, Hopi, Paiute, Havasupai, and Hualapai tribes. The U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management manage 32 percent of the land, the state of Arizona owns 10 percent; other public lands comprise 7 percent; and the remaining 14 percent is privately owned. General information can found at http://co.coconino.az.us.

Flagstaff, with a population of about 60,000, is the trade and population center of the county and the location of the majority of the water resource education efforts. Within this area, a number of organizations provide some form of environmental education. Coconino County boasts landmark studies in both geology and biology and has a wide variety of cultural and historic resources. The Grand Canyon has long been a premier showplace for field geology and is commonly used in textbook illustrations. Sunset Crater, SP Crater, and other features of the San Francisco Peaks volcanic field are also well known and widely studied. In the field of biology, pioneer ecologist C. Hart Merriam used the San Francisco Peaks as an example in his writings on life zones. Prehistoric inhabitants' use of the area was dominated by the presence (or absence) of water and nearly every museum or park exhibit related to these cultures emphasizes the role of water resources and how the cultures adapted to water in their environment. One of the prehistoric cultures has been named Sinagua, which is Spanish for "without water." The most recent high school in Flagstaff is named after this culture.

Because of its limited supply and critical importance, information and education relating to water is included in a very wide variety of programs and activities. Water resource education is a portion of many of the general environmental education programs, with varying degrees of detail and emphasis. Providers include educational institutions, government agencies, and nonprofit institutions. For the area encompassing Flagstaff and environs there is a mechanism for coordination - the Resource Education Network of Northern Arizona -- which meets monthly for information sharing and which has recently published a Resource Booklet (directory). This booklet has greatly helped to facilitate knowledge of other programs and led to referrals and coordinated efforts. The majority of its participants are from Coconino County. The Resource Education Network's mission "is to promote and encourage communication and cooperation among individuals, organizations, and agencies to improve and expand resource education in Northern Arizona."

Information is summarized for the county and then specifically for a few of the major providers.

Purpose and Description - Providing a broad general education on water including the water cycle, the ecological role of aquatic and riparian systems, the development and use of water by humans, and the importance of water conservation. Coordination and partnerships, helped and facilitated by the Resource Education Network, result in consistent and compatible messages - especially in the Flagstaff area.

The school systems are the primary outlets for water resource education - primarily through the science curriculum, but with some associated information from social studies such as of geography, history, and anthropology. Besides the regular teaching staff there are a number of supporting resources, both direct for guest teaching and field trips, and indirect through teacher workshops and physical/teaching resources to aid in education. Private nonprofit groups such as the Resource Center for Environmental Education and the Arboretum at Flagstaff offer a variety of support. Government agencies provide a variety of direct and indirect efforts. A notable example is the Field Science Partnership which the National Park Service at Glen Canyon National Recreation Area has with the Page Unified School District and several other participants. The Environmental Education Outreach Program of Northern Arizona University provides resources to facilitate programs for Native American students. A number of agencies participate in broad environmental education efforts, with specific water resource education efforts on a demand or request basis from staff specialists.

The City of Flagstaff operates a continuing and wide-ranging education program in water conservation. The City of Williams provides some water conservation education directly with its customers.

There is a considerable amount of water resource education which is a part of, or incidental to, ecotourism, especially in the Colorado River corridor in Grand Canyon National Park and the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. Visitor Center exhibits, ranger interpretive talks, interpretation by commercial guides and outfitters - e.g., raft companies, backpacking tours, etc. - all contain some portion of water resource education relevant to the particular area being visited. Though less visible and dramatic, parks and museums in the Flagstaff area also contain a water component.

Audience - Programs target all ages; however, the greatest effort is students, especially in elementary school. Some specialized programs address high school students. The general population is a target audience for water conservation programs.

Impacts - It is difficult to quantify impacts. However, educators contacted reported having positive feedback. The few quantified evaluations of programs reported better than 90 percent approval. The City of Flagstaff's overall water conservation program, of which education is one component, has resulted in per capita water consumption declining significantly. The Flagstaff School program of Project Life has such public support that when budget shortfalls threatened to eliminate it, the public rallied and through fund raising and direct donations kept it in operation until school district finances improved. However, this success has led the school district to phase it into an off-budget item so that all funding must come from outside sources.

Funding - Program funding is variable and often unsure, resulting in a significant portion of environmental educators' time being spent in fund raising. The most secure is the water conservation program of the City of Flagstaff where the program is a part of the budget derived from user fees. Outside sources of funding include: in-lieu state income tax donations (the Arizona program allows up to $200 of state income tax obligation to be donated to educational or charitable institutions in lieu of being paid to the state); funds from the Arizona environmental license plate fund; and the state Heritage Fund from lottery revenues. Outside grants are used heavily, however, oftentimes they are just for start up and other funds must be found to continue a program. A consistent message from educators was that greater stability in funding is needed.

Lessons Learned - It is important to teach the basics about water - the water cycle, the significance of riparian and aquatic ecosystems, human use of water, and water conservation needs. The programs need to be consistent and continuous with information integrated into all relevant education activities. Effective communication, coordination and development of partnerships are key to implementation.

Individual Programs - Information on some of the primary individual programs is presented in detail. Following that is a list of some of the programs which provide water resource education but for which it is a lesser emphasis. This list is not a totally comprehensive list as there are others responsible for some aspect of water resource education. For example, regulatory agencies such as the Coconino County Health Department provides information on waterborne diseases and prevention, and the Arizona Department of Environmental Quality provides specific information on onsite wastewater treatment systems and general water quality information. Water conservation information is also provided to customers by local water companies.

Flagstaff Unified School District

Water resource education is integrated into the basic curriculum, specifically as a part of science classes and social studies - geography and history. Specific projects emphasizing components of water resources may be included in school science fairs, the Envirothon, and specific class presentations and field trips.

Interests and backgrounds of individual teachers may result in additional specific water education. For example, an Advanced Placement Biology class at Sinagua High School took on a project of studying water quality at Fossil Creek.

Other Water Resource Education Providers

Federal Government, National Park Service

Grand Canyon National Park - exhibits, interpretation by concessionaires conducting commercial raft trips, ranger talks,

Web site: www.nps.gov/grca/education

Sunset Crater, Walnut Canyon, Wupatki National Monuments - exhibits, interpretive specialists. Water resources in relation to prehistoric cultures at Walnut Canyon and Wupatki National Monuments.

Web site: www.nps.gov/wupa

U.S. Geological Survey - presentations by water resource staff based on requests, exhibits, and educational resources on site.

Contact: Sue Priest (928) 556-7148 Web site: www.flag.wr.usgs.gov

U.S. Forest Service

Coconino National Forest - cooperate with Resource Education Network (REN) activities, some water resource education resources available.

Contact: Karen Malis-Clark (928) 527-3600 Web site: www.fs.fed.us/r3/coconino

Kaibab National Forest - cooperate with REN activities, some resources available.

Contact: Sharon Waltrip (928) 635-5646 Web site: www.fs.fed.us/r3/kai

Rocky Mountain Research Station - cooperate with REN activities. Have recently constructed a 100 meter long artificial stream for research purposes. Will be incorporating some water resource education efforts with selected student groups.

Contact: Brenda Strohmeyer (928) 526-2160 Web site: www.rmrs.nau.edu/lab

State Government

Arizona Game & Fish Department - cooperate with REN activities, educator workshops in Aquatic Wild, some riparian, and aquatic ecosystem resources available.

Contact: Bill Watt 520 774-5045 Web site: www.azgfd.com

Non-governmental Nonprofit and Private Organizations

The Arboretum at Flagstaff - cooperate with REN activities, Arboretum site includes a pond and school tours with a wetland habitat module for 3^rd grade students.

Contact: Steve Yoder or Nancy Nahstoll (928) 774-1442 Web site: www.thearb.org

Grand Canyon Field Institute - guided backpack trips in Grand Canyon and short raft trips on Colorado River. Interpretation includes some water resource information.

Contact: Jan Koons (928) 638-2481 Web site: www.grandcanyon.org/fieldinstitute

Museum of Northern Arizona - cooperate with REN activities. Some water resource education a part of museum exhibits and with interpretation on guided backpack trips and river raft trips.

Contact: Rachel Edelstein (928) 774-5211 Web site: www.musnaz.org

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